Tobacco Crop

Tobacco

Botanical Name :- Nicotiana Spp.
Family :- Solanaceae
Origin :- Mexico and Central America
2n :- 48

Tobacco fruit known as :- Capsule
India is one of the leading exporter of  "Flue-Cured Virginia" (FCV) tobacco.
Genus nicotiana include more than 60 species two cultivated species :-

1. Nicotiana Tobaccum
2. Nicotiana Rustica

Origin :-

1. Nicotiana Tobaccum :- South America
2. Nicotiana Rustica :- Peru

Type of tobacco produced in India :-

Mean temperature for growing time :- 20 - 30 °C
Optimum seed rate :- 3 kg/ha
Time of nursery sowing :- 15 to 30 August
Tobacco plant :- Self pollinated
Oil percentage in tobacco seed :- 35.38 %

FCV tobacco :-

• Curing Method :- Fluecuring
• Spacing :- 100 X 60 cm
• Method of fertilization :- Dollop
• Leaves of topping :- Bud topping 16 - 18 leaves
• Sucker control :- Decanal or Royaloten 4 %

Bidi tobacco :-

• Curing Method :- Sun curing
• Spacing :- 90 X 60 cm
• Planting method :- Flat planting
• Method of fertilization :- Deep Placement before planting

Pikka tobacco :-

• Curing Method :- Sun curing
• Spacing :- 75 X 50 cm
• Leaves of topping :- 10-12 leaves

Burley tobacco :-

• Curing Method :- Air curing
• Spacing :- 80 X 40 cm

Natu tobacco :-

• Curing Method :- Air curing
• Spacing in irrigated land :- 60 X 60 cm
• Spacing in rain fed land :- 90 X 90 cm

Lanka tobacco :-

• Curing Method :- Air curing
• Spacing :- 60 X 60 cm

Cigar and Cheroot tobacco :-

• Curing Method :- Sun curing
• Spacing :-

                 Cigar :- 70 X 50 cm

                 Cheroot :- 60 X 45 cm

• Method of fertilization :- Dollop
• Fertilizer :- 100 : 50 : 100 NPK kg/ha
• Harvesting :- Stalk cut

Chewing tobacco :-

• Curing Method :- Sun Curing
• Spacing :-

                  90 X 75 cm

                  65 X 65 cm

Hookah tobacco :-

• Curing Method :- Air curing
• Spacing :-

                 90 X 90 cm

                 60 X 45 cm

• Harvesting :- Priming

Soil :-

• FCV tobacco soils :- Heavy black clay soil containing 50 - 80 % clay of soil profile.

                                            Poor burning quality due to high chlorine content.

• Bidi tobacco soils :- Light medium loam
• Hookah and Chewing tobacco soil :- Sandy to Silt loam

Nicotine content % :-

1. Nicotiana tobacum :- 0.5 to 5.5
2. Nicotiana rustica :- 3.5 to 8.0

The sequence of different operation in tobacco crop is :-

Topping Þ Desuckering Þ Priming Þ Curing

• Topping :-Removal of terminal bud.
• De-Suckering :- Removal of suckers.

Type of tobacco and tobacco grown in India's different state :-

• FCV Tobacco :- Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka
• Bidi Tobacco :- Gujarat, Karnataka
• Cigar & Cheroot :- Tamil Nadu, West Bengal
• Hookah Tobacco :- Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh
• Chewing & Sunff :- Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Bihar and Assam
• Natu, Burley, Lanka, HDBRG :- Andhra Pradesh
• Pikka Tobacco :- Orissa

Varieties :-

• FCV Tobacco :- Virginia Gold, Jayasri
• Bidi type :- Surati-20, Anand-23, Anand-119
• Cigar and Cheroot type:-
• Cigar :- OL-10, VV-2, KV-1, 1-462
• Cheroot :- OK-01 and 1-737
• Hookah type :- NP-70, NP-35, DP-40
• Chewing tobacco :-
• Sunff Purpose :- Shivapur, Sona, Bhagyalakshmi, Prabha, Meenakshi

Rubbing :-

Partial sterilisation of the soil.

Perpose :-

1. Weed seed detraction.
2. Soil born diseases control.
3. Inhabiting insect.
4. Improved soil structure and soil fertility.

• Orobanche is also known as a predominant weed in tobacco.
• Nurseries are raised from April to May and transplanted up to October.
• Critical period of weed competition :- 60 DAS
• Critical stage of irrigation :- Knee-height to bloom
• First hybrid variety of tobacco in India :- GTH-1
• Nicotine mainly produced in root but store in :- leaves
• Main weed in tobacco field :- Orobanche
• The seed of tobacco is :- Positively photoblastic