पाइन कोन मौसम संकेतक

1. प्राकृतिक मौसम संकेतक :-

• खुले शंकु: जब हवा शुष्क होती है, तो पाइन शंकु खुल जाते हैं। यह दर्शाता है कि शुष्क मौसम जारी रहने की संभावना है, जिससे यह बाहरी गतिविधियों और बागवानी के लिए अच्छा समय है।
• बंद शंकु: जब हवा नम होती है, तो पाइन शंकु बंद हो जाते हैं। यह अक्सर संकेत देता है कि बारिश या बढ़ी हुई आर्द्रता आने वाली है, जिससे बागवानों को गीली परिस्थितियों के लिए तैयार होने में मदद मिलती है।

2. लाभकारी कीटों को आकर्षित करना :-

• पाइन शंकु आश्रय प्रदान करते हैं: पाइन शंकु के कोने और गड्ढे छोटे कीटों के लिए छिपने के बेहतरीन स्थान प्रदान करते हैं।
• फूल वाले पौधों के पास लटकाएँ: पाइन शंकु को उन पौधों के पास रखें जिन्हें परागण की आवश्यकता होती है ताकि ये कीट अधिक बार आएँ।

3. वन्यजीवों के लिए आश्रय प्रदान करना :-

• घोंसले बनाने की सामग्री: पक्षी अपने घोंसले बनाने के लिए पाइन शंकु के तराजू का उपयोग कर सकते हैं।
• कीट खाने वाले पक्षियों को आकर्षित करें: आपके बगीचे के आस-पास आश्रय पाने वाले पक्षी प्राकृतिक रूप से कीटों की आबादी को नियंत्रित करने में मदद करेंगे।

4. प्राकृतिक कीट निवारक :-

• आवश्यक तेलों में पाइन शंकु को भिगोएँ: पुदीना जैसे आवश्यक तेलों का उपयोग करें, जो कृन्तकों और कीटों को दूर भगाने के लिए जाने जाते हैं। कीट-मुक्त क्षेत्र बनाने के लिए अपने बगीचे के चारों ओर इन उपचारित पाइन शंकु को लटकाएँ।

5. बगीचे की सुंदरता को बढ़ाना :-

• सजावटी आकर्षण: पाइन शंकु विभिन्न उद्यान थीम के साथ अच्छी तरह से मिश्रित होते हैं और उन्हें पेड़ों, बाड़ या बगीचे की संरचनाओं से लटकाया जा सकता है।
• पर्यावरण के अनुकूल सजावट: पाइन शंकु जैसे प्राकृतिक तत्वों का उपयोग करना आपके बगीचे को सुंदर बनाने का एक पर्यावरण के अनुकूल तरीका है।

6. लाभकारी कवक को प्रोत्साहित करना :-

• अपघटन: जैसे-जैसे पाइन शंकु विघटित होते हैं, वे मिट्टी को कार्बनिक पदार्थों से समृद्ध करते हैं, जिससे माइकोरिज़ल कवक के लिए अनुकूल वातावरण को बढ़ावा मिलता है।
• पौधों का बेहतर स्वास्थ्य: माइकोरिज़ल एसोसिएशन वाले पौधे ज़्यादा स्वस्थ और ज़्यादा लचीले होते हैं।

7. लाभकारी शिकारियों के लिए आवास बनाना :-

• आवास प्रावधान: पाइन शंकु की संरचना मकड़ियों और अन्य शिकारी कीटों के लिए उत्कृष्ट छिपने की जगह प्रदान करती है।

Fresh Fruits for Commercial Storage

 Recommended Storage Temperature, Relative Humidity & Storage Life of Fresh Fruits for Commercial Storage

Fruits	Temperature (°C)	Relative Humidity (%)	Approx. Storage Life
Apple	-1 – 4	85 - 90	4 – 8 Months
Apricot	-0.5 – 0.0	85 - 90	1 – 2 Weeks
Grapes	-1.1	90 - 95	3 – 6 Weks
Guava	7.2 – 10.0	90	2 – 3 Weeks
Kiwifruit	-0.5 - 0	90 - 95	3 – 5 Months
Lemon	8.9 – 10.0	85 - 90	1 – 6 Months
Litchi	2.1	90 - 95	3 – 5 Weeks
Mango	11.7 – 12.8	85 - 90	2 – 3 Weeks
Olive	7.2 – 10.0	85 - 90	4 – 6 Weeks

 Fungicides Group

No.	Common Name	Trade Name
Copper fungicide
1.	Bordeaux mixture	Cu2So4 : Lime : Water
2.	Burgundy mixture	Lime replaced by Na2Co3
3.	Copper oxychloride	Blitox – 50, Fytolan, Blue Copper
4.	Copper sulphate	Blue Copper
Organo mercurial
1.	Ethyl mercury chloride	Ceresan
2.	Methoxy ethyl mercuric chloride	Areton, Agallol
3.	Phenyl mercury acetate + ethyl mercuric chloride	Agroson GN
Benzimidazoles
1.	Benlate	Benomyl
2.	Carbendazim	Bavistin
Dithiocarbamate
1.	Maned	Dithane M-22
2.	Mancozeb	Dithane M-45
3.	Zineb	Dithane Z-78
Other Fungicide
1.	Thiram	Arasam
2.	Phthalimides	Captan
3.	Dinocap	Karathane
4.	Oxycarboxin	Plantvax
5.	Carboxin	Vitavax
6.	Phenyl Amides	Metalaxyl M
7.	Metham N Sodium	Vapam (Nematicide)
8.	Streptocyclin	Bacteromycin
9.	Sterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors	Triazoles

Insect Pests Common & Scientific Names

 Insect Pests Common & Scientific Names of Field Crops, Horticultural Crops, Plantation Crops & Vegetable Crops

COMMON NAME	SCIENTIFIC NAME	FAMILY	ORDER
RICE
Yellow stem borer	Scirpophaga incertulas	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Paddy leaf roller	Cnaphalocrosis medinalis	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Paddy case worm	Nymphula depunctalis ( paraponyx stagnalis)	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Brown plant hopper	Nilaparvata lugens	Delphacidae	Homoptera
White backed plant hopper	Sogatella fercifera	Delphacidae	Homoptera
Paddy leaf hoppers	Nephotettix virescens,	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
Paddy leaf hoppers	Nephotettix nigropectus	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
White backed plant hopper	Cofana spectra	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
Paddy thrips	Stenchaetothrips biformis	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
Paddy gall fly	Orseolia oryzae	Cecidomidae	Diptera
Gundhi bug/Ear head bug	Leptocorisa oratoria	Alydidae	Hemiptera
Paddy hispa	Dicladispa armigera	Hispidae	Coleoptera
Blue beetle	Leptispa pigmaea	Chrysomellidae	Coleoptera
Paddy grass hopper	Hieroglyphus banian	Achrididae	Orthoptera
Paddy horned catter piller	Melanitis leda ismane	Nymphalidae	Lepidoptera
Paddy skipper	Pelopidas mathias	Hesparidae	Lepidoptera
Swarming catter piller	Spodoptera mauritia	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Army worm	Mythimna seperata	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Rice mealy bug	Brevenia rehi	Pseudococcidae	Homoptera
Rice root weevil	Echinocnemus oryzae	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Dark headed borer	Chilo polychrysa	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Rice striped bug	Tetroda histeroides	Pentatomidae	Hemiptera
Whorl maggot	Hydrellina phillippina	Ephydridae
SORGHUM
Sorghum shoot fly	Atherigona soccata	Muscidae	Diptera
Sorghum stem borer	Chilo partelus	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Sorghum ear head bug	Calocoris angustatus	Miridae	Hemiptera
Sorghum midge	Stenodiplosis sorghicola	Cecidomidae	Diptera
Shoot bug	Perigrinus maidis	Pentatomidae	Hemiptera
Deccan wingless grass hopper	Colemania sphaeneroides	Achrididae	Orthoptera
Sorghum mite	Olygonychus indicus	Tetranichidae	Acarina
Army worm	Mythimna seperata	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Sorghum leaf roller	Marasmia trapezalis	Pyrallidae	Lepidoptera
Flea beetle	Chaetocnema spp	Chrysomellidae	Coleoptera
Sorghum ear head catter piller	Helicoverpa armigera	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Shoot & capsule borer	Conegathus punctiferalis	Pyraustidae	Lepidoptera
RAGI

Pink stem borer	Sesamia inferens	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
White stem borer	Saluria inficita	Phycitidae	Lepidoptera
Ragi aphid	Histeroneura setaria	Aphididae	Homoptera
Ragi leaf hopper	Cicadulina bipunctata	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
Grey weevil	Myllocerus discolar	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Ragi root aphid	Tetraneura nigroabdominalis	Aphididae	Homoptera
Cut worm	Spodoptera exigua	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Black hairy catter piller	Estigmene lactinea	Arctidae	Lepidoptera
Bugs	Rhophalosiphum maidis	Pentatomidae	Hemiptera
Black ant	Camponotus compressus	Formicidae	Hymenoptera
White grubs	Holotrichea consanguinea	Melolonthidae	Coleoptera
	Holotrichea serrata	Melolonthidae	Coleoptera
WHEAT
Termites	Microtermes obesus	Termitidae	Isoptera
Aphid	Rhophalosiphum maidis	Aphididae	Homoptera
Wheat shoot fly	Atherigona nogui	Muscidae	Diptera
Cut worm	Mythimna seperata	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Green bug	Nezera virudula	Pentatomidae	Hemiptera
MAIZE
Stem borer	Chilo partelus	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Cut worm	Mythimna seperata	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Shoot fly	Atherigona orientalis	Muscidae	Diptera
Cob worm	Helicoverpa armigera	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
European corn borer	Ostrinia nubilalis
SUGAR CANE
Seedling borer	Chilo infascatellus	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Sugar cane inter node borer	Chilo sacchariphagus	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Sugar cane top shoot borer	Scirpophaga excerptalis (nvella)	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Root grub	Holotrichea serrata	Melolonthidae	Coleoptera
Termites	Odontotermes obesus	Termitidae	Isoptera
Sugar cane pyrilla	Pyrilla perpusilla	Lopophidae	Homoptera
Sugar cane wooly aphid	Ceratovacuna lanigera	Penphigidae	Homoptera
Sugar cane scales	Melanaspis glomaratus	Diaspididae	Homoptera
Sugar cane mealy bug	Saccharicoccus sacchari	Pseudococcidae	Hemiptera
Sugar cane white flies	Aleurolobus barodensis	Aleurodidae	Homoptera
	Neomaskelia bergii	Aleurodidae	Homoptera
GROUNDNUT
leaf minor (Surul poochi)	Approarema modicella	Gelichidae	Lepidoptera
Tobacco catter piller	Spodoptera litura	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Ground nut aphid	Aphis craccivora	Aphididae	Homoptera
Ground nut thrips	Thrips palmi	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
	Scirtothrips dorsalis	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
	Caliothrips indicus	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
Leaf hoppers	Empoasca kerri	Cicadellidae	Homoptera

Termites	Microtermes obesus	Termitidae	Isoptera
Root grubs	Holotrichea serrata	Melolonthidae	Coleoptera
	Holotrichea consanguinea	Melolonthidae	Coleoptera
Ground nut stem borer	Sphenoptera perotetti	Buprestidae	Coleoptera
Ground nut earwig	Anisolabis annulipes	Forficulidae	Dermaptera
Pod sucking bug	Elasmolemus sordidus	Lygaedae	Hemiptera
Bihar hairy catter piller	Spilosoma obliqua	Arctidae	Lepidoptera
RHHC	Amsacta albistriga	Arctidae	Lepidoptera
	Amsacta moori	Arctidae	Lepidoptera
CASTOR
Castor semilooper	Achaea janatha	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Shoot & Capsule borer	Dichocrocis punctiferalis (Conegathus punctiferalis)	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Leaf hoppers	Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
Castor spiny catter piller	Ariadne merione	Nymphallidae	Lepidoptera
Wooly bear	Pericalya recini	Arctidae	Lepidoptera
Slug catter piller	Parasa lepida	Lymmocoridae (Cochlidiidae)	Lepidoptera
White flies	Trialeurodes recini	Aleurodidae	Homoptera
Gall midge	Asphondylia recini	Cecidomidae	Diptera
Tussock catter piller	Orgio postica	Lymantridae	Lepidoptera
Hairy catter piller	Euproctis fraternae	Lymantridae	Lepidoptera
Castor thrips	Ritithrips syriacus	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
SESAMUM
Leaf webber	Antigastra catalanalis	Pyraustidae	Lepidoptera
Gall fly	Asphondylia sesami	Cecidomidae	Diptera
Sphinx moth	Acherontia styx	Sphingidae	Lepidoptera
Leaf hoppers	Orosious albicinctus	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
MUSTARD
Mustard saw fly	Athalia lugens proxima	Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera
SAFFLOWER
Safflower aphid	Uroleucon carthami	Aphididae	Homoptera
Safflower catter piller	Condica (Perigea) capensis	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Gram catter piller	Helicoverpa armigera	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Leaf thrips	Frankliniella schuttzi	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
Gram pod fly	Melanagromyza obtusa	Agromyzidae	Diptera
Safflower bud fly	Acanthiophillus helianthi	Tephritidae	Diptera
SUNFLOWER
Capitulum borer	Helicoverpa armigera	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Tobacco catter piller	Spodoptera litura	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Leaf hoppers	Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
Thrips	Frankliniella schuttzi	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
	Thrips palmi	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
Parrot	Psitaculla cramari	Vertebrate	Vertebrate
COTTON

American boll worm	Helicoverpa armigera	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Spotted boll worm	Erias vitella, E.insulana	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Pink boll worm	Pectinophora gossipiella	Gelichidae	Lepidoptera
Leaf hoppers	Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
Aphids	Aphis gossipi	Aphididae	Homoptera
Cotton mite	Tetranychus neocaledonicus	Tetranichidae	Acarina
Red cotton bug	Dysdercus cingulatus	Pyrrocoridae	Hemiptera
Dusky cotton bug	Oxycarenus hyalinipennis	Lygaedae	Hemiptera
Thrips	Thrips tabaci	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
	Scirtothrips dorsalis	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
White flies	Bemecia tabaci	Aleurodidae	Homoptera
Cotton leaf roller	Sylepta derrogata	Pyrallidae	Lepidoptera
Semilooper	Anomis flava	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Cotton grass hopper	Cyrtocanthus ranacea	Acrididae	Orthoptera
Grey weevil	Myllocerus spp	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Shoot weevil	Alcidodes affabar	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Stem borer	Sphenoptera gossipi	Buprestidae	Coleoptera
Stem weevil	Pempherulus affinis	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
JUTE
Jute stem borer	Anomis subulifera	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Stem girdler	Nupserha postbrunea	Larmidae	Lepidoptera
Cut worm	Spodoptera exegua	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Stem weevil	Apion corchori	Apionidae	Coleoptera
SUNHEMP
Sunhemp catter piller	Utethesia palchella	Arctidae	Lepidoptera
Sunhemp shoot borer	Enarmonia pseudonectus	Eucosmidae	Lepidoptera
Sunhemp spiral borer	Agrillus acutus	Buprestidae	Coleoptera
TOBACCO
Cut worm	Spodoptera litura	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Stem borer	Scrobipalpa heliopa	Gelichidae	Lepidoptera
Aphid	Myzus persicae	Aphididae	Homoptera
White flies	Bemesia tabaci	Aleurodidae	Homoptera
Capsule borer	Helicoverpa armigera	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Tobacco grass hopper	Attrctomorpha crenulata	Acrididae	Orthoptera
REDGRAM
Redgram pod borer	Helicoverpa armigera	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Pod fly	Melanagromyza obtusa	Agromyzidae	Diptera
Plume moth	Exelastis atomosa	Pterophoridae	Lepidoptera
Spotted pod borer	Maruca testulalis	Pyrallidae	Lepidoptera
Pod borer	Etiella zinkenella	Pyrallidae	Lepidoptera
Blister beetle	Mylabris pustulata	Meloidae	Coleoptera
Blue and coppers	Lampedes bioticus	Lycanidae	Lepidoptera
Blue and coppers	Catecrysopes cnesus	Lycanidae	Lepidoptera
Pod sucking bug	Clavigrella gibbosa	Coridae	Hemiptera
Pod bug	Riptorrtus pedestris	Lygaedae	Hemiptera

Pod bug	Anoplocnemus phasiana	Coridae	Hemiptera
Pod bug	Coptosoma cribraria	Coridae	Hemiptera
Green bug/Pod bug	Nezera virudula	Pentatomidae	Hemiptera
Pulse beetle	Callesobruchus chienensis	Bruchidae	Coleoptera
Pulse beetle	C.maculatus, C.analis, C.theobromae	Bruchidae	Coleoptera
Redgram mite	Aceria cajani	Eryophidae	Acarina
CHICK PEA
Gram pod borer	Helicoverpa armigera	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Cut worm	Agrotis ipsilon	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
	A.flammatra	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
	A.spinifera	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Termites	Odontotermes obesus	Termitidae	Isoptera
Black aphid	Aphis craccivora	Aphididae	Homoptera
AWARE
Pod borer	Adisura atkinsoni	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
GREEN GRAM/BLACK GRAM
Stem fly	Opheomya phaseoli	Agromyzidae	Diptera
	O.centrozonatus	Agromyzidae	Diptera
Thrips	Caliothrips indicus	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
	Megaleurothrips diastalin	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
	Scirtothrips spp	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
COWPEA
Leaf hoppers	Empoasca kerri	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
Bean aphid	Aphis craccivora	Aphididae	Homoptera
Bean aphid	A.gossipi	Aphididae	Homoptera
White flies	Bemesia tabaci	Aleurodidae	Homoptera
Bean fly	Opheomya phaseoli	Agromyzidae	Diptera
SOYABEAN
Leaf minor	Approarema modicella	Gelichidae	Lepidoptera
Defoliator	Spodoptera litura	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Stem fly	Melanagromyza sojae	Agromyzidae	Diptera
Pod borer	Helicoverpa armigera	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Pod borer	Cydia ptychora	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
POTATO
Cut worm	Agrotis ipsilon	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Potato tuber moth	Phthoremia aperculella	Gelichidae	Lepidoptera
Mite	Polyphagotarsonemus letus	Tetranichidae	Acarina
SWEET POTATO
Sweet potato weevil	Cylas formicarias	Apionidae	Coleoptera
Tortoise beetle	Aspidiomarpha miliaris		Coleoptera
	Chiridia sexnotata		Coleoptera
	Metriona circumdata		Coleoptera
Leaf eating catter piller	Herse convulvulli	Sphingidae	Lepidoptera
Mite	Oxypleurites convulvulli	Eryophidae	Acarina

STORAGE PESTS
INTERNAL FEEDERS
Rice weevil	Sitophilus oryzae	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Sweet potato weevil	Cylas formicarias	Apionidae	Coleoptera
Lesser grain moth	Rhizopertha dominica	Bostrychidae	Lepidoptera
Cigarette beetle	Lasioderma serricorne	Anobidae	Coleoptera
Drug store beetle	Stegobium paniceum	Anobidae	Coleoptera
Pulse beetle	Callesobruchus chienensis	Bruchidae	Coleoptera
Tamarind beetle	Pachymerus gonagra	Bruchidae	Coleoptera
Anjumoise moth	Sitotroga cerealella	Gelichidae	Lepidoptera
Potato tuber moth	Phthoremia aperculella	Gelichidae	Lepidoptera
Flour moth	Ephestiya cautella		Lepidoptera
EXTERNAL FEEDERS
Red flour beetle	Tribolium castanium	Tenebrionidae	Coleoptera
Indian meal moth	Plodia interpunctella	Phycitidae	Lepidoptera
Rice moth	Corcyra cephalonica	Galleridae	Lepidoptera
Khapra beetle	Trogoderma granarium	Dermestidae	Coleoptera
SECONDARY FEEDERS
Saw toothed grain beetle	Oryzophyllus surinamensis	Cucujidae	Coleoptera
Long headed flour beetle	Latheticus oryzae	Tenebrionidae	Coleoptera
Flat grain beetle	Cryptolestes minutus	Cucujidae	Coleoptera
HOUSE HOLD/HEALTH
Mosquitos	Anapheles spp	Culicidae	Diptera
	Culex pipens fatigans	Culicidae	Diptera
	Culex pipens quinquefasciatus	Culicidae	Diptera
	Aedes aegypti	Culicidae	Diptera
House fly	Musca domestica	Muscidae	Diptera
Eye fly	Siphunculina funicola	Chloropidae	Diptera
Sand fly	Phlebotomus spp	Psychodidae	Diptera
Black fly	Simulium damnosum	Similiidae	Diptera
Bed bug	Cimex hemipterus	Cimicidae	Hemiptera
Assasin bug	Conorhinus rubrofasciatus	Reduvidae	Hemiptera
Rat flea	Xenopsilla cheopsis	Pulicidae	Siphanoptera
Human flea	Pulex irritans	Pulicidae	Siphanoptera
Human body louse	Pediculus humanus humanus	Pediculidae	Siphanoptera
Human head louse	Pediculus humanus capitis	Pediculidae	Siphanoptera
Ants	Monomorium criniceps	Formicidae	Hymenoptera
	M. destructor	Formicidae	Hymenoptera
Furniture beetle	Sinoxylon sudanicum	Bostrychidae	Coleoptera
	Anobium punctatum	Anobidae	Coleoptera
Silver fish	Ctenolepisma spp	Lepismatidae	Thysanura
Cochroaches	Periplaneta 6mericana	Blattidae	Dictyoptera
Carpet beetle	Anthrena pimpinella	Dermistidae	Coleoptera
Powder post beetle	Lyctus bruneaus	Bostrychidae	Coleoptera
Cloth moths	Trichophaga abruptella	Tinaeidae	Lepidoptera

Cloth moths	Tinea pachyspila	Tinaeidae	Lepidoptera
Crickets	Gryllus spp	Gryllidae	Orthoptera
Two spotted spider mite	Tetranychus urticae	Tetranychidae	Acarina
European red mite	Panonychus ulmii	Tetranychidae	Acarina
Cockchaffer	Melolontha vulgaris	Melolonthidae	Coleoptera
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Cattle screw worm	Cochliomya hominivorax		Diptera
Horse fly	Tanbanus striatus	Tabanidae	Diptera
Stable fly	Stomoxys calcitrans	Muscidae	Diptera
Cattle fly	Hippobosca maculata	Hippoboscidae	Diptera
Blow fly / Blue bot fly	Lucilia serenissima	Calliphoridae	Diptera
Ox warble fly	Hypoderma lineatum	Oestridae	Diptera
House fly	Musca domestica	Muscidae	Diptera
	M.nebula                  Non-biting	Muscidae	Diptera
	M.vicina	Muscidae	Diptera
	M.sorbens	Muscidae	Diptera
	M.crassirostris(Haematophagus	Muscidae	Diptera
Blood sucking fly	Siphona exigua	Muscidae	Diptera
Sand fly	Phlebotomus spp	Psychodidae	Diptera
Eye fly	Siphunculina funicola	Chloropidae	Diptera
Shaft louse	Menopon gallinae	Menoponidae	Mallophaga
Body or went louse	Menacanthus stramineus	Menoponidae	Mallophaga
Wing louse	Lipeurus caponis	Philopteridae	Mallophaga
Chicken fles	Echidnophaga gallinacea	Tungidae	Siphonaptera
Head maggot of sheep	Oestrus ovis	Oestridae	Diptera
Sheep ked	Melophagus ovinus	Hippoboscidae	Diptera
Biting louse	Bovicola caprae	Trichodectidae	Mallophaga
RATS
Bandicoota rat	Bandicoota indica	Vertebrates	Vertebrates
Lesser Bandicoota	Bandicoota bengalensis	Vertebrates	Vertebrates
Grass rat	Millardia meltada	Vertebrates	Vertebrates
Gerbil rat	Tateria indica	Vertebrates	Vertebrates
Common house rat	Ratus ratus	Vertebrates	Vertebrates
Brown rat/Ship rat	Ratus narvegicus	Vertebrates	Vertebrates
MICES
Indian field mouse	Mus booduga	Vertebrates	Vertebrates
Brown ring mouse	Mus platythrix	Vertebrates	Vertebrates
House mouse	Mus musculus	Vertebrates	Vertebrates
ARACNUT
Mites	Olygonychus indicus	Tetranychidae	Acarina
	O.biharensis	Tetranychidae	Acarina
	Raoiella indica	Tetranychidae	Acarina
Aphids	Cerataphis latianae	Aphididae	Homoptera
	C.variabilis	Aphididae	Homoptera
Spindle bug	Carvalhoia arecae	Miridae	Hemiptera

Scales	Aonidiella auranthi	Pseudococcidae	Homoptera
Scales	A.orientalis	Pseudococcidae	Homoptera
Inflorescence catter piller	Thirathaba mundella	Pyrallidae	Lepidoptera
Root grubs	Leucophollis coniophora	Melolonthidae	Coleoptera
	L.lepidophora	Melolonthidae	Coleoptera
	L.bermestei	Melolonthidae	Coleoptera
COCONUT
Rhinocerus beetle	Oryctes rhinocerous	Scarabidae	Coleoptera
Red palm weevil	Rhynchophorous ferrugenious	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Black headed catter piller	Opisina arenosella	Xylloryctidae	Lepidoptera
Coconut skipper	Gangara thrysis	Hespiridae	Lepidoptera
Mite	Aceria gurrerhonis	Eryophidae	Acarina
CASHEW NUT
Tea mosquito bug	Helopeltis antoni	Miridae	Hemiptera
Cashew stem borer	Plocaderus ferrugenius		Coleoptera
Cashew leaf minor	Acrocercopes syngramma	Gelichidae	Lepidoptera
Cashew thrips	Selenothrips rubrocinctus	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
	Scirtothrips dorsalis	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
COFFEE
Hairy catter piller	Eupterota canarica	Euptorotidae	Lepidoptera
Red borer	Zeuzera coffeae	Zeuzeridae	Lepidoptera
Mealy bugs	Planococcus lilacinus	Pseudococcidae	Homoptera
Coffee white borer	Xyllotechus quadripes	Cerambicidae	Coleoptera
Green scales	Coccus viridis	Coccidae	Homoptera
Coffee shot hole borer	Xyllosandrus compactus	Scolitidae	Coleoptera
Coffee berry borer	Hypothenemus hampii	Satarnidae	Lepidoptera
TEA
Tea mosquito bug	Helopeltis antoni	Miridae	Hemiptera
	Helopeltis theovora	Miridae	Hemiptera
Leaf hoppers	Empoasca flavoscens	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
Tea thrips	Scirtothrips bispinosus	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
Tea bunch catter piller	Andraca bipunctata	Bombycidae	Lepidoptera
Tea shot hole borer	Euvalacea spp	Scolitidae	Coleoptera
Red spider mite	Olygonychus coffeae	Tetranychidae	Acarina
Scarlet mite	Bravipalpus californicus	Tetranychidae	Acarina
Purple mite	Calacarus carinatus	Eryophidae	Acarina
Pink/Orange mite	Acaphylla theae	Eryophidae	Acarina
CARDAMOM
Thrips	Scirtothrips dorsalis	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
Shoot and capsule borer	Conegathus punctiferalis	Pyraustidae	Lepidoptera
Aphid	Pentalonia nigronervosa	Aphididae	Homoptera
Hairy catter piller	Euptorota cardemommi	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Shoot fly	Hallomya karynae	Cecidomidae	Diptera
MANGO

Mango leaf hoppers	Idioscopus clypealis	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
	I.neviosparus	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
	Amritodes atkinsoni	Cicadellidae	Homoptera
Flower webber	Autoba versicolor (Eublema versicolar)	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Gall midges	Procystophora mangiferae	Cecidomidae	Diptera
	Dysaneura amaramanjare	Cecidomidae	Diptera
	Erosomya mangiferae	Cecidomidae	Diptera
Fruit fly	Bactrocera dorsalis	Tephritidae	Diptera
Mango nut weevil	Sternochetus mangiferae	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Mango stem borer	Batocera rufimaculata	Cerambicidae	Coleoptera
Bark eating catter piller	Inderbelaa tetraonis	Metarbellidae	Lepidoptera
Bark eating catter piller	I.quadrinotata	Metarbellidae	Lepidoptera
Shoot webber	Orthaga excavecea	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Shoot borer	Chlumetia transversa
Leaf eating weevil	Deporus merginatus	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Red ant	Oecophylla smaragdina	Formicidae	Hymenoptera
Leaf mining weevil	Rhynchaenus mangiferae	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Leaf galls	Amaradiplosis amaramyia	Cecidomidae	Diptera
	A.brumigallicola	Cecidomidae	Diptera
Mango butter fly	Euthalia granda	Lycanidae	Lepidoptera
White fly	Aleurocanthus mangiferae	Aleurodidae	Homoptera
Mealy bugs	Drosicha mangiferae	Pseudococcidae	Homoptera
GRAPES
Grape flea beetle	Sceledonta strigicolis	Chrysomellidae	Coleoptera
Chaffer beetle	Anomala spp		Coleoptera
	Adovetus spp		Coleoptera
Stem girdler	Sthenias grisator	Cerambicidae	Coleoptera
Thrips	Rhiphiphorothrips cruentatus	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
Mealy bugs	Maconellicoccus hirsutus	Pseudococcidae	Homoptera
Hairy catter piller	Trahala vishnu	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Shot hole borer	Xyleborus purvulus	Scolitidae	Coleoptera
POMEGRANATE
Fruit borer	Deudorix isocrates	Lycanidae	Lepidoptera
White fly	Sphonimus finitimus	Aleurodidae	Homoptera
Mealy bugs	Pseudococcus lilacinus	Pseudococcidae	Homoptera
Thrips	Rhiphiphorothrips cruentatus	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
Aphid	Aphis punicae	Aphididae	Homoptera
Shot hole borer	Xyleborus peforans	Scolitidae	Coleoptera
BANANA
Rhizome weevil	Cosmopolitus sordidus	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Pseudo stem weevil	Odioporus longicollis	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Aphid	Pentalonia nigronervosa	Aphididae	Homoptera
Tingid bug	Stephanitis typicus	Miridae	Hemiptera
Thrips	Scirtothrips dorsalis	Thripidae	Thysanoptera

CITRUS
Orange borer	Chloridolium alcamene	Cerambicidae	Coleoptera
Shoot & Bark cater piller	Inderbelaa tetraonis	Metarbellidae	Lepidoptera
Citrus leaf minor	Phyllocnistis citrella	Gracillaridae	Lepidoptera
Citrus butter fly	Papilio demolis	Papilionidae	Lepidoptera
Fruit sucking moth	Otherus maternal	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
	O.fullonoca	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
	O.ansilla	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Aphid	Toxoptera citridus	Aphididae	Homoptera
Citrus white fly	Dialeurodes citri	Aleurodidae	Homoptera
Citrus mealy bug	Pseudococcus filamentotus	Pseudococcidae	Homoptera
Citrus psyllid	Diaphania citri	Psyllidae	Homoptera
Citrus mite	Panonychus citri	Tetranichidae	Acarina
SAPOTA
Leaf webber	Nephopteryx eugrafella	Nophycitidae	Lepidoptera
Bud worm	Anartia spp	Gelichidae	Lepidoptera
Hairy catter piller	Metanastria hyrtaca	Lasiocampidae	Lepidoptera
Seed borer	Trymalitis margarias	Tortricidae	Lepidoptera
GUAVA
Tea mosquito bug	Helopeltis antoni	Miridae	Hemiptera
Anar butter fly	Deudorix isocrates	Lycanidae	Lepidoptera
Scales	Pulvinaria spidii	Pseudococcidae	Homoptera
	Chlorpulvinaria spidii	Pseudococcidae	Homoptera
Spiraling white fly	Aleurodicus dispersus	Aleurodidae	Homoptera
BER
Fruit fly	Capromyia vesuviana	Tephritidae	Diptera
Ber fruit borer	Meridarches scyrodes	Carposinidae	Lepidoptera
Seed weevil	Aubeus himalayans	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
APPLE
Apple wooly aphid	Eriosoma lanigera	Aphididae	Homoptera
Sanjoise scale	Quadraspidiotus pernisiosus	Diaspididae	Homoptera
BRINJAL
Shoot and fruit borer	Leucinodes arbonalis	Crambidae	Lepidoptera
Epilachna/Hadda beetle	Henosepilachna vigintioctopuctata	Coccinellidae	Coleoptera
	H.dodecastigma	Coccinellidae	Coleoptera
Stem borer	Euzophera perticella	Pyraustidae	Lepidoptera
Leaf roller	Antoba olivacea	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Leaf webber	Psara punctata	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Lace wing bug	Urentius hystricellus	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Gall midge	Asphondylia capparis	Cecidomidae	Diptera
TOMATO
Tomato fruit borer	Helicoverpa armigera	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Cut worm	Spodoptera litura	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
White flies	Bemesia tabaci	Aleurodidae	Homoptera

Spiraling white fly	Aleurocanthus dispersus	Aleurodidae	Homoptera
Mealy bugs	Ferrisia virgata	Pseudococcidae	Homoptera
Aphids	Aphis gossipii, Myzus persicae	Aphididae	Homoptera
Thrips	Thrips tabaci	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
	Frankliniella schutzi	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
Leaf miner	Liriomyza trifoli	Agromyzidae	Diptera
CHILLI
Thrips	Scirtothrips dorsalis	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
Mite	Polyphagotarsonemus latus	Tetranychidae	Acarina
Aphid	Myzus persicae	Aphididae	Homoptera
ONIAN & GARLIC
Thrips	Thrips tabaci	Thripidae	Thysanoptera
Cut worm	Spodoptera exegua	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
CUCURBITS
Fruit fly	Bactrocera cucurbitae	Tephritidae	Diptera
Pumpkin beetle	Aulocophora foveicolis	Chrysomellidae	Coleoptera
	A.intermedia	Chrysomellidae	Coleoptera
	A.cincta	Chrysomellidae	Coleoptera
Semilloper of pumpkin	Anadevidia peponis	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Mite	Tetranychus cucurbitae	Tetranychidae	Acarina
Plume moth	Exelastis automosa	Pterophoridae	Lepidoptera
Stem gall fly	Neolasioptera falcata	Cecidomidae	Diptera
Spotted cucumber beetle	Diabrotica undecimpunctata
CRUCIFEROUS
Diamond back moth (DBM)	Plutella xyllostella	Plutellidae	Lepidoptera
Leaf webbing catter piller	Crosodolomia binotalis	Pyrallidae	Lepidoptera
Cabbage head borer	Hellula undalis	Pyrallidae	Lepidoptera
Mustard saw fly	Athalia lugens proxima	Tenthridinidae	Hymenoptera
Cabbage semilooper	Trichoplusia ni	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Cabbage butter fly	Pieris brassicae	Pieridae	Lepidoptera
Cut worm	Spodoptera litura	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Semilooper	Plusia spp	Noctuidae	Lepidoptera
Plume moth	Exelastis automosa	Pterophoridae	Lepidoptera
Mustard aphid	Lipaphis erisimi	Aphididae	Homoptera
Painted bug	Bagrada cruciferarum	Pentatomidae	Hemiptera
Painted bug	B.hilaris	Pentatomidae	Hemiptera
LOCUSTS
Bombay locust	Patanga succinct	Acrididae	Orthoptera
Migratory locust	Locusta migratoria	Acrididae	Orthoptera
Desert locust	Schistocerca gregaria	Acrididae	Orthoptera
Red locust	Nomadocrasis spp	Acrididae	Orthoptera
HONEYBEES
Rock bee	Apis dorsata	Apidae	Hymenoptera
Little bee	A.florea	Apidae	Hymenoptera

Indian bee	A.cerena indica	Apidae	Hymenoptera
Italian / Europian bee	A.mellifera	Apidae	Hymenoptera
Dammer / Mosquito bee	Trigona irridipennis	Apidae	Hymenoptera
PESTS OF HONEY BEES
Wax moth	Galleria mellonella	Galleridae	Lepidoptera
Lessr wax moth	Achroia grisella	Galleridae	Lepidoptera
Black Ants	Camponotus compressus	Formicidae	Hymenoptera
House hold red ant	Dorylus labiatus	Formicidae	Hymenoptera
House hold red ant	Monomorium spp	Formicidae	Hymenoptera
Yellow banded hornet Wasp	Vespa cincta	Vespidae	Hymenoptera
Bee hunter wasp	Palrus orientalis	Vespidae	Hymenoptera
Bee hunter wasp	Phyllanthus ramakrishnae	Vespidae	Hymenoptera
Wax beetle	Platybolium alvearium	Tenebrionidae	Coleopterea
King crow	Dicrurus spp	Birds	Birds
Bee eaters	Merops	Birds	Birds
Death headed moth	Acherontia styx	Sphingidae	Lepidoptera
Leaf cutter bee	Megachille disjuncta
SILK WORMS
Mulberry silk worm	Bombyx mori meridionalis	Bombycidae	Lepidoptera
Eri silk worm	Samia Cynthia ricini	Saturnidae	Lepidoptera
Tasar silk worm	Antheraea mylitta	Saturnidae	Lepidoptera
Muga silk worm	Antheraea assamia	Saturnidae	Lepidoptera
Lac insect	Leuciferra lacca	Laccifaridae	Homoptera
Cochineal insects	Dactylopius coccus		Homoptera
	D.tomentosus		Homoptera
Blister beetles	Myllabris pustulata	Meloidae	Coleoptera
NON INSECT PESTS
Rice field crab	Paratelphusa hydrodromus	Decapoda	Crustacea
Pond heron (Predatory)	Ardeloa grayi
Tapioca millipede	Harpurostreptus spp	Harpagophoridae	Diplopoda
Giant Africal snail	Achatina fullica	Gastropoda	Mollusca
Millepede (Predatory)	Orthomorpha spp	Diplopoda	Myriapoda
Snail (Predatory)	Euglandina rosea	Gastropoda	Mollusca
	Gonaxis quadrilateralis	Gastropoda	Mollusca
Snail	Helix spp	Gastropoda	Mollusca
Snail	Limax spp	Gastropoda	Mollusca
Common house snail	Opeas gracillis	Gastropoda	Mollusca
MITES
Citrus leaf mite	Eutetanychus banksi	Tetranychidae	Acarina
Sorghum mite	Oligonychus indicus	Tetranychidae	Acarina
Red spider mite	Tertanychus neocaledonicus	Tetranychidae	Acarina
Reci mite	Oligonychus oryzae	Tetranychidae	Acarina
Sugar cane mite	Schizotertanychus andropogoni	Tetranychidae	Acarina
Coconut eriophid mite	Aceria guerreronis	Eriophidae	Acarina

Coconut mite	Raoiella indica	Phytoptipalpidae	Acarina
Citrus rust mite	Phyllocoptruta oleivora	Eriophidae	Acarina
Jasmine eriophid mite	Aceria jasmini	Eriophidae	Acarina
Sweet potato rust mite	Oxpleurites convolvuli	Eriophidae	Acarina
BIRDS
Crows	Corvus spendulus
Parrot	Psitacculla cyanocephalus
Sparrow	Passer domesticus
Pigeon	Columba livia
House dust mite	Dermatophagoides farina		Acarina
House dust mite	D.pteronycinus		Acarina
OTHER PESTS
Mediterrnian fruit fly	Ceratitis capitata	Tephritidae	Diptera
Cotton boll weevil	Anthomonas grandis	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Codling moth	Cydia pomonella
Grape phylloxera	Phylloxera vitifoliae
Sugar weevil	Sphenophorus sacchari	Curculionidae	Coleoptera
Cockchafer	Anisolia austriaccea
Sugar beet beetle	Cleonus punctventris