Sugarcane Crop

Sugarcane

Botanical Name :- Saccharum officinarum (Tropical Cane)

                              Saccharum barberi (Indian Cane)

Family :- Poaceae

Origin :- New Guinea

Seed rate of sugarcane :-

1. 3 Budded :- 35,000 - 40,000
2. 2 Budded :- 45,000 - 50,000
3. Single (1) budded :- 1,25,000

Planting time of sugarcane :- 

1. Eksali :- January - February
2. Adsali :- July - August
3. Autumn :- October - November

Nutrient Management (N:P:K:S:Zn kg/ha) :-

• N :- 270 kg/ha
• P :- 150 kg/ha
• K :- 120 kg/ha
• S :- 20 kg/ha
• Zn :- 10 kg/ha

Critical stage of sugarcane (Days) :-

1. Germination Phase :- 0 - 60 Days
2. Formative Phase :- 60 - 130 Days
3. Grand Phase :- 130 - 250 Days
4. Maturity Phase :- 250 - 365 Days

• Name of wild type of sugarcane :- Saccharum Spontaneum
• Optimum setts are needed to plant one ha of sugarcane :- 35,000 - 40,000
• Optimum soil pH of sugarcane :- 6.5 -7.5
• Optimum spacing of sugarcane :- 90 X 120 cm.
• Crop duration of eksali sugarcane :- 12 Month
• Crop duration of adsali sugarcane :- 18 Month
• The best temperature of sugarcane growth is :- 28 - 32 °C
• Earthing up should be done :- 4 month after planting
• In example of companion cropping is :- Sugarcane + Potato
• Essential element for sugar translocation in sugarcane :- K (Potash)
• Emergence of inflorescence in sugarcane (at 300 - 350 DAP) is :- Arrowing
• Burning of canes is done for :- Improve sucrose and juice equality
• Crop logging in sugarcane prevented by :- Trench planting, Earthing up
• Contribution of flag leaf in photosynthesis is :- 52%
• Higher dose of nitrogen in sugarcane field decrease the :- Sucrose content
• Common herbicide used for weed control in sugarcane :- Simazine, Atrazine
• Artificial ripning of sugarcane is done by :- Ethepon, Palaris and Glyphosine @ 5kg/ha
• Jaggery is extracted from juice by :- 9 - 10 %
• Instrument used for measuring the maturity (refractometer) in sugarcane :- Brix meter (16 - 18 %)
• Sett should be treated with 0.5% solution of :- Agullal
• Sucrose and sugar content in cane are :- 13 - 24 & 6 - 10%
• Sugarcane is intermediate short day and :- C₄ Plant
• Sugarcane's upper 1/3 part is used for sowing for batter germination due to :- High nitrogenous substance and glucose
• Weed generally occurs in sugarcane field are :- Sorghum halepense and Cynodon dactylon
• Trench method of sugarcane is used in :- Coastal area
• Sugarcane bowl of India :- Uttar Pradesh (U.P.)
• Sugarcane bowl of world :- Cuba
• Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research (IISR) :- Lucknow (U.P.)
• Sugarcane Breeding Institute (SBI) :- Coimbatore (T.N.)

Some sugarcane hybrid varieties :-

• Wonder cane varieties :- COC-617 and COC-419
• Commercial varieties :- Co Pant - 85004 and Co Pant 87263
• Red rot disease resistance varieties :- CO-1148, CO-19
• Smut resistance varieties :- CO-527 and CO-49