Grape

Botanical Name :- Vitis vinifera

Family :- Vitaceae

Origin :- Black to Caspian Sea

2n :- 38

• Grape fruit :- Multi Seeded Berry
• Grape Breeder :- H.D. Olmo
• NRC of grape :- Pune
• TSS :- 22 - 24 %
• Juice :- 69 %

Planting :-

1. October ideal time for planting.
2. In north India grapes are pruned in December - January.

• Size of planting pits :- 45 x 45 x 45 cm.
• Planting Space :- 2 - 3 x 2 - 3 m.
• Soil pH :- 6.5 - 7.0
• Thompson Seedless spacing of 1.8 x 2.5 m² is ideal for "Bower System".
• Thompson Seedless spacing of 1.8 x 3.0 m² is ideal for " Y Trellies System".

Pruning :-

                    North India :-

                                                    December - January

                    South India :-

1. April - Back of foundation pruning
2. October - Fruit of foreword pruning

• Highest pruning intensity :- 10 - 14 buds in Thompson Seedless
• Lowest pruning intensity :- 3 - 4 buds in Bangalore Blue, Bhokri

• Bower system of training is mostly adopted in India (High Economic Ratio).
• Cast benefit ratio :- 1 : 2.09
• Skin of the grape berry is covered with wax like layer which is called as cutin.
• Rain during ripening causes berry cracking and rotting.
• Highest mean bunch weight + Berry weight is obtained under bower system of training.
• Raisins are only processed product in India.
• Substance responsible for aroma in grape is methyl anthranilate (Muscat flavor).
• Tartaric acid is commercially extracted form grapes.
• Delight and Perlette varieties were evolved by :- H.P. Olmo
• Fe deficiency is very common in lack soil.
• Mg deficiency is universal in grape.
• Pink berry formation is very common problem in Thompson seedless and its clone.
• Berry drop in grape due to defective and improper pollination and fertilization.
• Pink pigment develops in green grapes if the diurnal differences are more than 20 °C during ripening.

Varieties :-

                               Thompson seedless is the ruling grape variety which occupies 55 % of the area with its clone.

• Coloured Seeded Varieties :- Bangalore Blue, Gulabi (Muscat), Kishmish.
• Coloured Seedless Varieties :- Beauty Seedless, Sharad Seedless.
• White Seeded Varieties :- Anad-A-Shahi, Dilkhush.
• White Seedless Varieties :- Perlette, Pusa Seedless, Ganesh, Sonnaka, Manik Chaman.

Hybrid Varieties :-

No.	Hybrid Varieties	Parents Varieties
1.	Arkavati	Black champa × Ts
2.	Arka hans	Bangalore blue × Anab-A-Shahi
3.	Puva urvashi	Hur × Beauty seedless
4.	Pusa navrang	Madeline angavine × Ruby red
5.	Arka Shyam	Bangalore blue Black × champa