Potato Crop

Potato Crop

Botanical Name :- Solanum Tuberosum

Family :- Solanaceae

Origin :- South America

2n :- 48

Seed Rate of potato :-

Seed Size	Spacing	Seed rate
2.5 – 3.0 cm	45 cm X 45 cm	10 q/ha
4.0 – 5.0 cm	50 cm X 20 cm	25 q/ha
2.5 – 4.0 cm	60 cm X 25 cm	20 q/ha

• Spacing :- 45-60 X 15-20 cm
• Seed Plot Technique (SPT) :-
• Seed rate for SPT :- 100-150 g/ha
• Seed Plot Technique developed by :- Pushkarnath in 1967
• Seed Plot Technique of multiplication of :- Disease free (virus free) seed

Seed Sowing :-

25 g cut (piece) of tuber with 3-5 buds/eyes @ 15-20 q/ha.

Fertilizer Management (kg/ha) :-

• N :- 180 - 200 kg
• P :- 100 - 150 kg
• K :- 100 - 150 kg

Potato requires temperature :-

• Germination temperature :- 17-20 °C
• Average temperature :- 25 °C

Critical Stage :-

• Stolen formation :- 20 - 50 DAS
• Tuber elongation :- 50 -80 DAS
• Tuber formation :- 25 %

 Potato is known is :-

• King of vegetable
• Poor man's friend

Yield :-

• Normal Condition :- 20-50 ton's/ha
• High yielding condition :- 40-70 ton's/ha

• Water requirement of potato :- 500 - 700 mm
• Potato crop Favorable :- Alluvial / Sandy loam silty soil
• The stolen/tuber of potato is an under ground stem.
• Potato tuber dormant for :- 8-10 weeks (65-70 days)
• Potato crop is planted in :- 15-25 October
• Potato crop is harvesting in :- First week of January ti first week of February
• Potato pH requirement :- 5.0 - 6.5
• Solanine content is 5 mg / 100 g of potato.
• Important nutrient for potato crop is :- Nitrogen
• Earthing up in potato crop is done when plant height gets :- 15-20 cm
• Potato is modified stem, C₃ short day plant and propagation by :- Tuber
• Breaking dormancy in potato :- Thiourea is sprayed for @ 1.0 %
• Dehaulming of potato done by :- CuSo₄ (Copper Sulphate)
• Disorders of black heart in potato is due to :- Lake of  o₂ in stored potato
• Disorders of hollow heart in potato due to :- Excessive use of N fertilizer
• Potato leaf roll virus are transmitted by :- Aphids
• Potato content protein in :- 1.6 %
• Ridge furrow and flat bed method of planting in :- Potato
• Serious disease of potato is :- Late blight
• C₃ short day plant from Tuberization point of view while Flowering point of view long day plant.
• Largest potato producing state is :- UP
• Chipsona is a variety of (for making quality chips) :- Potato
• Frost resistance variety of potato was developed by :- K. Sheetman
• 4th major fruit of the world after rice, wheat and maize.
• Potato was introduce in India from Europe in early 17th century.
• It is grown in all states except in Kerala.
• Late blight is most devastating disease in potato.
• Maximum area under potato is in alluvial soil.
• Potato tuber dormancy :- 8 - 10 weeks
• Ridge and furrow most popular method of potato planting.
• Seed plot technique in potato was developed by Dr. Puskarnath.
• Dehaulming in potato is 10 - 12 days before harvesting.
• 40 - 45 g TPS (True Potato Seed) is enough to plant one ha. crop.
• Wart disease is confined to the Darjeeling hills of West Bengal.
• For best yield potato needs long day conditions during growth and short day condition during tuberization.
• N₂ is most important nutrient for potato crop.
• Upto date is most popular variety of potato crop in India.
• Earthing up of potato is done 40 days after sowing.
• CPRI (Central Potato Research Institute) was established is year 1949 at Shimla.

Varieties :-

Early duration :-

Kufri Alankar, Chandramukhi, Kufri Bahar

Medium duration :-

Kufri Badshah, Kufri Chamatkar, Kufri Lalima

Long duration :-

Kufri Sinduri, Kufri Deva, Kufri Jeevan