Banana Crop

Banana Crop

Botanical Name :- Musa paradisiaca

Family :- Musaceae

Origin :- South East Asia

2n :- 22

• Bunchy top of banana was first observed in 1891 in Fiji.
• Ripe banana contain 27% sugar.
• In monthan variety of banana only glucose sugar is found.
• Musa acuminata is the source of today's edible banana.
• Gross michel variety of banana is susceptible to panama wilt while Basrai is immune and pooven is resistant to this disease.
• Bunchy top is also called as cabbage top.
• Male flower of banana is influenced by temperature. It grows well at temperature of 26.5 °C.
• Temperature between 20 - 30 °C is ideal for good plant growth.
• Banana is a calcifuge crop calorific value :- 67 - 137 / 100 g.
• Sigatoka is a serious disease of banana.
• Removal of male bud after completion of the female phase is referred as, denavelling.
• In Tamil Nadu banana is specially grown for leaf production.
• Banana is a moisture loving plant.
• Banana is herbaceous, monocotyledonous and monocarpic fruit crop.
• Weight of sword sucker :- 750 g
• De-suckering, propping and mattocking are important cultural practices followed in banana.
• Finger tip disease in serious in High Density Planting (HDP).
• Tetrazolium test for bunchy top virus detection.
• Most of cultivated banana is triploid in nature.
• Two spray of KH₂PO₄ at fruit development stage increases the bunch weight.
• Genetic classification of banana is given by simmonds and shepherd.
• It is referred as a kalpataru.
• Temperature above 36 - 38 °C causes scorching effect with increased transpiration.
• In Gujarat and Maharashtra furrow method and in Tamil Nadu trench method of planting is followed.
• AAB, AAA clones are grown under irrigated condition.
• Trench method is especially followed in wetland system of cultivation.
• De-suckering once in 45 day's is common practice in banana cultivation.
• Strong wind is a threat for successful banana production.
• All AAA clone are susceptible to sigatoka leaf spot.
• Banana cultivars are screened for virus by ELISA test.
• Seedlessness of banana is controlled by spray of 2,4-D @ 25 ppm.
• Sigatoka improvement work was started in the year 1949 in Tamil Nadu (TN).
• Sigatoka leaf spot disease of banana was first observed in 1913.
• Banana is staple food of South Africa.
• Poovan and Ney poovan are preferred in multistory system.
• Salt water treatment reduces duration of banana fruits.
• Banana is a rich source of dietary potassium (K) used in nervous impulses and good source of energy.
• Edible part of banana :- Starchy parenchyma
• Brinjal, Cucurbits should not be grown in banana orchard because they attract nematode.
• Rajpuri is a cold resistance variety of banana.

Leading Varieties  in production :-

Poovan, Monthan, Karpuravalli
Maturity :- 90 -150 day's

Varieties :- 

Amritsagar, Dudhsagar, Chakia, Monohar

• Dwarf cavendish (AAA) :- Basrai

1. Leading commercial cultivar contributing 58 % of total production.

• Robusta (AAA) :- Bombay green, Harichal

1. Semi tall sport of dwarf cavendish.
2. Highly suseptible to sigatoka leaf spot but resistant to panama wilt.

• Grand Naine (AAA) :-

1. Tall mutant of dwarf cavendish.
2. It requires propping.

• Poovan (AAB) :- Rasthali, Amritpani, Mortman

1. Choicest table banana (Best) hard lumps and fruit cracking are the major physiological disorder.
2. Tolerant to many Abiotic and Biotic stresses.

• Poovan mysore (AAB) :-

1. Pink pigment on ventral side of midrib when young susceptible to banana streak virus, leading cultivars of south India.

• Nendran (AAB) :- French Plantain, Rajeli

1. Most prized cooking verity used in Kerala.
2. Good for making banana chips.

• Hill Banana (AAB) :- Virupakshi, Sirumalai, Laden

1. Suitable for cultivation on hill, fruit having unique aroma and flavor.
2. Suitable for jam making.

• Lal velchi (AAA) :-

1. It is grown for red skin.

• Monthan (ABB) :-

1. Good for culinary purpose.

• Ney poovan (AB) :- Safed Velchi

1. Diploid variety, it fetches double price than other cultivars.
2. Horizontal bunch orientation.

• Pey kunnan (ABB) :- Karpuravalli, Kanthali

1. Tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses.
2. Good for making baby food, Juice, Wine, popular in marginals soils.

• Lady finger (AB) :-

1. Deployed banana variety.

Hybrid Varieties :-

• FHIA-1 (Gold finger) - (AAAB) :-

1. Belong to pome group.
2. Resistance to wilt and sigatoka leaf spot.

• Bodles Altafort (AAAA) :-

1. Synthetic hybrid a result of cross between Gross michel (AAA) x Pisanglin (AA).

• Klue temparod (AABB) :-

1. Natural tetraploid.

• CO-1 :- Kellar Laden x M. balbasiana x Kadali