Tomato Crop

Tomato Crop

Botanical Name :- Lycopersicon esculentum

Origin :- Peru & Mexican region

Family :- Solanaceae

2n :- 24

• Fruit type of tomato :- Berry
• Flower type of tomato :- Hermaphroditic
• Tomato is known as :- Wolf Apple, Vilayati Baigan
• Red colour of tomato due to :- Lycopine
• Yellow colour of tomato due to :- Carotenoid
• Tomato is a no.1 processing vegetable in the world.

Seed rate :-

• Normal seed rate :- 350 - 400 g/ha
• Hybrid seed rate :- 100 - 150 g/ha

Sowing time :-

• In plains areas :- July - August
• Autumn / Winter season :- October - December
• Summer season :- March - April

Spacing :-

60 x 45 cm

Harvesting stages :-

1. Mature green stage :- for Distant market / Transportation
2. Pink stage :- for Local market
3. Pink to light red stage :- for Home / Table use
4. Red ripe stage :- for Canning use / Seed production 

Tomato has five (5) forms :-

1. Cherry tomato
2. Pear tomato
3. Common tomato
4. Potato leaf type tomato
5. Upright tomato

Type of tomato plant :-

1. Indeterminate type :- Continuous growth of main stem.
2. Determinate type :- Main stem dose not grow any more.

• Excessive rain adversely affected  its fruit set causing flower drop.
• Tomato susceptible for :- Frost
• A period of drought followed by sudden heavy irrigation during fruiting may cause cracking of fruits.
• Tomato is a day neutral and self pollinated crop.
• Basically warm season crop but may be grown in all season.
• Tomato flower is commonly perfect.
• Cluster of flower is known as :- Truss
• Seed treatment is done with 2,4-D @ 2 - 5 ppm increases early fruit setting.
• Training and pruning and stacking are only followed in indeterminate type of tomato.
• Most important nutrients required for tomato cultivation are :- Boron and Zinc
• Foliar spray of PCPA (20ppm) is very effective in increasing fruit setting and yield.
• Genetically Modified (GM) tomatoes are resistant to Alzheimer's disease.
• Extreme early variety :- Hissar Arun
• Breaker stage (10 % lycopene) suitable for long distance transport.
• Hissar Anmol and Pusa Red plum are inter-specific hybrids.
• Arka Vikas suitable for drought condition.
• Tomato variety developed by use of biotechnology :- Flaursaur

Insect-pest :-

• Fruit borer :- Helicoverpa armigera
• White fly :- Bemisia tabaci (transmitted leaf curl disease)
• Serpentine leaf minor :- Liriomyza trifoli

Physiological disorder :-

No.	Disorder	Character	Causes
1.	Fruit Cracking	Cracking in tomato fruits is common, radial and concentric, cracking are severe.	Effect of soil moisture and Boron deficiency.
2.	Blossom end rot (BER)	BER is severe disorder in green house cultivated tomato.	Due to Ca deficiency and high temperature.
3.	Puffiness	Fruit surface is generally flattened and locules are unfilled with pulp and seeds.	Poor pollination, low or high temperature.
4.	Sun scaled	Whitish, sunken and papery lesion develops due to sun heat.	Exposer of fruit to high temperature > 40 °C
5.	Cat face	Due to abnormal growing condition

Varieties :-

Introduction :-

• Roma
• Sioux
• Best of All
• Tip Top
• Labonita
• Marvel
• Money maker
• Ageti

Selection :-

• Improved Meeruti
• Pant Bahar
• Arka Surbha
• Sonali
• Arka Vikas

Hybrid Varieties :-

1. Pusa early dwarf :- Improved Meeruti x Red Cloud
2. Pusa Redy :- Sioux x Improved Meeruti (Best combiner variety)
3. Pusa Gourav :- Glamour x Watch
4. Marglobe :- Marvel x Globe
5. Pusa Red Plum :- L. esculentum x L. pimphirifolium
6. Sweet-72 :- Pusa Red Plum x Sioux